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This page contains an archive of all entries posted to PN China Blog - English in the Recycling category. They are listed from oldest to newest.

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September 7, 2007

Among the criticism, distrust and bans of plastic

This summer accompanying the growing scares over Chinese products is the global public's heating discussion on plastics bags, bottles, recycling and BPA.

I can feel the strong anti-plastic movement as a consumer. In a popular online shopping discussion forum I go to, many are asking where to buy glass food containers, as they toss out plastic ones. Some told me they learned from media reports even the ones labeled microwave-safe and dishwasher-safe don't really live up to the claims.

Then I read Alan Weisman's comments on that topic, in an interview about his new book, The World Without Us.
He said:
We did pretty well without plastics until World War II. Now, I realize that a lot of things are great with plastics, and I don't think we necessarily have to get rid of them all.

But think about what your grandmother did when she went to the market. Did she take a plastic bag for a tomato, a plastic bag for a cucumber? No, she took one bag to the market, put all of her groceries in it, brought it home, and reused it the next time she went.

I seriously want it to be made a crime to give away free bags in supermarkets -- paper bags too. That would solve an enormous problem.

I'd like to second his point about paper bags. General-interest media have given me the impression in the recent coverage of plastic bag bans that replacing plastic bags with paper bags is a good solution. But that cant be true. How many more trees will vanish from the face of the earth to make up for the current usage of plastic grocery bags? Some argue paper bags are more likely to be reused because of its physical attributes. But I think, a consumer in the habit of tossing free grocery bags won't change his routine just because the material is different.

Instead, it's the mentality of "everything is disposable."

Several years ago, a business professor with special interest in Asia asked me why he saw everybody in China holding a plastic or paper shopping bags even with store or brand logo. He was curious whether people really shopped that much and that often. I told him they were using those shopping bags as their daily bags, sort of an alternative to fancy satchel purses or messenger bags.

Somehow, I see less and less of that in China every time I go over. Well, as the economy booms, purchasing power expands and western lifestyle gains popularity, people dispose more and reuse less.

It's that I only want it fresh and new mentality. And shamefully, I've started to become obsessed with it too. I recently moved and was seriously thinking about throwing away most housewares items and buy a completely new set. They still functioned perfectly, but I just craved a new look for my home, thanks to all the home makeover shows on TV.

The good thing is I didn't let myself do that.

But, it was not easy to resist that toss-old-buy-new temptation.

August 7, 2007

Anti-plastic bag wrapped in plastic

My friend Iris Hu in New York spent a sleepless summer night in the parking lot of a Whole Foods store in a scramble for a $15 cotton grocery bag.

The bags, introduced by London designer Anya Hindmarch, read Im not a plastic bag andare intended to be used and reused for groceries, in place of plastic.

The New York Times reported:
A stampede of would-be purchasers in Taiwan in June sent 30 people to the hospital and required the riot police. A similar outpouring in Hong Kong caused no injuries, but the police closed down the shopping mall.

And according to Chinese newspaper Beijing Youth, an offering in Beijing was canceled for concern with riots.

The irony is the bag has become more of a fashion than a campaign for a cleaner environment. Bids for the bags on Chinese websites have topped $200. And I wouldnt be surprised to see fashion snobs with this canvas bag on the shoulder still holding a plastic bag for Chinese or Thai takeout, or for other day-to-day shopping chores.

Im not joking. Just check out the photos below, courtesy of my friend Iris: due to the rain in New York are, her Im Not a Plastics Bag came wrapped in a Whole Foods plastic bag in order to stay dry!


Photos courtesy of Iris Hu.

What goes around comes back around

Globalization draws circles. Here is an ironic one: cheap jewelry with high levels of toxic lead from China is being recalled in the United States, but the source of the raw material is electronic waste dumped by Western countries to China.

The recalled jewelry includes necklace and earring sets with plastic "birthstones" sold by Sears Holdings Corp.'s Kmart stores.

The Wall Street Journal's July 12 story Lead toxins take a global round trip said:
For lead, the trip to China from the U.S. typically goes something like this: U.S. consumers and businesses send their old electronics to recycling firms -- often by way of innocuous recycling drives. Some of those firms then sell the electronics to dealers in the U.S., who sell them to dealers in China. Chinese companies buy the e-waste and strip lead and other re-sellable materials from it -- often discarding harmful materials along the way, adding to local pollution. Those firms then sell the recovered lead to alloy makers like Ms. Liu, who provide it to Chinese manufacturers. The lead makes its way -- sometimes at toxic levels -- into trinkets sold to consumers in the U.S.

It also made a point that the stingy Western buyers need to take the blame, at least partially:
In Yiwu [animportant hub for low-priced Chinese exports], jewelry sellers make no secret of using toxic lead alloy in their products. They insist buyers know what they're getting and say using lead is the only way to offer the low prices that foreign purchasers are willing to pay.
......
Some manufacturers say they are moving away from lead alloy at the request of customers, especially those from the U.S. and Western Europe. Nearly all say that, if a buyer wants them to, factories can lower the lead content of their products. "People can choose. We give them whatever they want," says Ni Lanzhen, a wholesaler of jewelry and trinkets, including a tiny ring topped with a lead flower. "But most of the market is lead alloy."

Admit it or not, the same thing happens in the global flow of plastics. American brokers ship large amount of plastic scrap to China, where underemployed villagers manually sort, clean and reprocess into resin. These recycled materials go into apparel, consumer products and electronics that are shipped back to the States.

How do you like wearing a fleece thats made, in essence, from coke bottles you throw into the trash can?

The Chinese dont practice magic solutions that really turn waste into treasure, as the popular Chinese saying in the recycling industry goes. Besides health hazards to the workers, pollution and deterioration of living environment, consumers in developed nations also fall victim. Isn't it a lose-lose situation?

February 20, 2008

Christmas gift: hats made of grocery bags?

Apparently, 84-year-old May Johnson in Northeast Portland has found a good use for the plastic shopping bags cluttering in her house, according to a news story in The Oregonian.

She makes hats and purses with chain store bags and gives them to friends.

One of her fellow members at the plastic-as-art group, Leave No Plastic Behind, turns plastic strapping from newspaper bundles and other materials into purses and baskets.

Johnson also thinks about making buttons out of plastic shaker lids on spice bottles.

These are all great, as an art and a refreshing message to the public about the use of resources.

It looks to me like it just stops there, unfortunately. How are you going to commercialize these lovely ideas? If commercialization can't be done, then it's not gonna solve or mitigate the shopping bag issue.

First, let's take a look at how these special hats and purses are produced:
Johnson cuts the plastic bags into strips and braids four at a time into a flat rope that she then sews together. She fashions flowers from remaining plastic for the hats and either braids a button-shaped clasp for her purses or employs a plastic bottle cap. Particular skill comes in lining up the colors into a crosshatch or a herringbone pattern.
I don't know about you, but I can't help but wonder if the plastic bags are washed, or better,sterilized before their transformation. Is it safe to actually wear these hats? What about the printing ink on the bags? How many bags does it take to make a hat? How durable can they be?

Even assuming the product is good and safe, the required manual labor dampens the chance of large-scale production.

Well, that's under the assumption that the production takes place in the States. It's different in China. Those of you who have been to China, do you recall seeing products fabricated from plastic tubes in the mid-90s? They came in all kinds of designs, mostly animal shapes such as pandas, kittens and lobsters. I bought a handful of them for a buck. Then, it seemed like all of sudden, they were gone. Newspapers said workshops were busted for making the handicrafts with used perfusion tubes! I know my fear for used plastic is probably ungrounded in the States, where bio-hazard waste is strictly controlled.

Still, unless the safety parameters are tested and made clear to the public, I will stay away from products made of used plastic.

March 13, 2008

Knockoff, in eco's name?

I was skimming the official Web site of the state-owned People's Daily, China's largest daily newspaper when something caught my eye. It was a sentence in plain English, which really stood out in the all Chinese-language Web site. On a photo of a cloth bag, were the words "I'm not a plastic bag."

Back when I wrote my first blog item about the famous "I'm not a plastic bag" designed by Anya Hindmarch last August, I checked the Internet and found plenty of pictures of apparent knockoffs. But they were underground, and they knew they were illegal.

This one is different. The picture appears right under the authorities' noses, and in a well-respected newspaper, too! The one-paragraph story says: Many people were buying cotton bags that have the print of "I'm not a plastics bag" in front of a department store. The seller told the reporter that the production cost of one such bag is 10 yuan. However, in order to make consumers familiar with eco-friendly bags, it only sells for 2 yuan.

Obviously, the quality of the bag is not comparable to the real "I'm not a plastic bag." The font and layout have been slightly changed, too. Since I'm not an expert on intellectual property laws, I'm not sure if I can call it a knockoff or not.

However, if you want to educate Chinese consumers about the plastic reuse/recycle issue, why use the English slogan that many don't even know the meaning?

Here's my view: Chinese consumers are being immersed by the strongest-ever "green washing." Businesses are so excited with the best-ever opportunities of marketing anything that's not apparent plastic. Anyone really care about sustainability? Energy and resources conservation? Green house gas emission? Just ask a random person on the street what the popular nonwoven "eco-friendly" shopping bags are made of, and I bet nine out 10 wouldn't know that the material still is plastic.

Think about it, use cloth bags to replace plastic shopping bags might be a righteous and trendy thing, but not required by the laws. On the other hand, breaking the intellectual property laws is indeed illegal. When marketing schemes override the compliance with laws, whose agenda is driving the booming Chinese economy?
Snapshot of my screen: just so readers can see what the bags look like

March 11, 2008

China's EPA to expand

In the upcoming restructuring of China's central government, the State Environmental Protection Administration will become one of the very few national agencies that actually expand. SEPA will upgrade to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Jing Hua Times reported.

Wang Yuqing, former deputy chief of SEPA, said March 9 that the agency will also strengthen its personnel, functions and national network.

China is taking action to consolidate its bureaucracy by streamlining regulators. Basically, agencies, administrations, bureaus will be combined into a smaller number of more powerful ministries.

If anything, the increasingly prominent status of SEPA reflects the growing awareness of environmental protection among Chinese citizens and lawmakers.

But China's SEPA is still very small compared to its U.S. counterpart. Compared to SEPA's staff of 300 (excluding affiliated institutions), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency employs about 18,000 with an annual budget of about $7 billion, the Wall Street Journal reported.

Fire update: owner detained

A main character behind the February 27 fire that killed 15 workers at LongFei Recycling Co. Ltd. in Shenzhen was detained by Chinese police. LongFei owner Chen Jinlong, 43, was arrested in his hometown of Shanwei, Guangdong province. Shenzhen police also has detained, among others, the company's business manager and accountant Chen Yongquan, according to a press release by the Shenzhen government.

Local public security and the fire department have told the press that the fire was caused by electrical wire short-circuits during Longfei's around-the-clock production. While the wires melted, sparks dropped to the piles of plastic waste in the operating room, reported local newspaper Yang Cheng Wan Bao.

Sadly, the three workers on shift, two night guards and a company driver who was playing Mahjong with two friends all escaped without alerting the 15 coworkers who were sound asleep. One of the workers said that after he left, he remembered about the 15 people in the loft and returned to the operating room and tried to control the fire with a fire extinguisher, but the raging fire scared him out right away.

The Shenzhen government said it, along with LongFei, has settled the compensation issues for the victims' families. The 15 dead included seven from Chongqing and eight from Lufeng, Guangdong province. The three wounded are all from Lufeng.

May 15, 2008

China's 1st bottle reclaim machine

China's first beverage bottle collecting machine has proven a hit on Shanghai's popular pedestrian shopping street Nanjing Road. According to the English language Shanghai Daily ( with photo), the machine accepts plastic and aluminum beverage containers with readable bar codes and releases a 0.10 yuan coin for each accepted bottle.

The machine, designed by a Beijing-based company, swallowed more than 1,700 bottles during the May 1-3 holiday. The street management office, according to Shanghai Daily, said the goal is to help reduce the number of waste collectors on the street and raise people's awareness of environmental protection.

Check out this photo: right by the brand new reclaim machine, a trash collector is reaching into a conventional trash bin for bottles.

Are these trash collectors feeling threatened? I bet so, especially as the government is hinting plans to place more automatic reclaim machines in Shanghai.

But until such machines stand on every street corner, waste collectors should still have some job security. At a street corner in Shanghai, I took this picture of two women warmly chatting on the sidewalk. The one in the vest is a government-employed street cleaning staffer, and the other, in a leather jacket, is a self-employed trash collector--collecting everything from aluminum to paper to plastic bottles. I don't know how they got to know each other. But it wouldn't be a surprise if the cleaning lady sells the bottles she collects to the recycler.

Waste collecting isn't an easy job. There seems to be a lot of competition on the street. Sometimes the collectors follow or beg people for bottles. But most of them are used to that and aren't shy. Their faces look indifferent. After all, it's a legitimate way to make a living. The collectors don't add glamor to the city, but they do no harm. They only help the society recycle.

I remember seeing aluminum pop can reclaim machines in New York City. It looked like some users were professional collectors that lived on the street. But Chinese collectors won't go to the automatic machine for bottle redemption, because they get a higher price from recycling dealers than from the machine --so far, I should add. If one day, the machines pay the same as the dealers, then dealers and other middlemen may lose their jobs too. In that case, China's recycling system may have a transformation ahead and will only become more efficient. But isn't employment and social stability a big concern of the government?

May 13, 2008

Trash bins: 1-2-4-0

Trash bins in China come in pairs now. One is for recyclables and the other for stuff that can't be recycled. That's a good step forward, compared to what it used to be -- one trash bin for all.

Beijing airport. Photo by Nina Ying Sun

But does the public know what is recyclable and what isn't? Not really. In Shanghai, I saw people throw things in without looking at what is what, and I also watched bottle collectors dig out PET bottles from both bins.

I thought I knew more about recycling and plastic than the average person. But when I had a plastic bag to dump, I couldn't decide which bin.

The Japanese system, in comparison, is much more user-friendly.
A park in suburban Tokyo. Photo by Chen Lin

In the photo, from left to right, the first three bins with pink signs are for trash that can be incinerated; the next three in the middle with blue signs are for PET bottles; the next two ones with orange signs are for metal cans; and the one on the very right is for all other types of trash.

But don't always expect a fleet of nine trash bins in Japan. This sign in downtown Tokyo actually asks people to take their trash home. And there were no trash bins on that street.
Tokyo downtown. Photo by Chen Lin

What's more impressive than the system itself is how well people abide by the rules and keep the world's second most densely populated country clean and efficient.

July 11, 2008

North Korea wants plastic waste

Perhaps inspired by its neighbor China's success in the recycling business, North Korea is seeking supplies of plastic and electronics waste that "can be processed in the port but which other countries and territories are restricted from dealing in," the U.K.'s The Telegraph quoted a North Korea-based Chinese-language Web site as saying.

So I asked myself, what advantage does North Korea have in plastic recycling? The first benefit that came to mind was the offset of the country's extremely low labor cost against the labor-intensive sorting involved in recycling. In addition, the country has expressed its willingness to take in waste that other countries refuse to accept.

The country's disadvantages include the lack of technology, equipment and experience, but that could be solved through a good foreign partner. Logistics is another issue. North Korea doesn't have much processing capacity, and if the regrinds are destined to other countries, the freight cost will dent the margin, versus China's model of recycling waste and consuming the regrind materials locally. But if North Korea intends to use the reprocessed resins to make goods for its domestic market, that will make sense. That way the country could effectively compete with plastic products imported from countries like China.

I suppose that China, Russia and South Korea, which all border North Korea, will watch with caution the environmental impact of waste processing in North Korea.

July 25, 2008

Tetra Pak's gift for Beijing

This is probably going to be the most well-known wood-plastic composite structure in China: an artistically-designed 100-meter-long outdoor bench in the Olympics Metro Park in Beijing. Click here to view photos.

Tetra Pak, the patron, will gain name recognition by masses of visitors to the park, whose numbers are projected to be between 140,000 and 270,000 each day, during the Beijing Olympic Games.

More than 129,000 used Tetra Pak containers went into the composite materials that formed the sitting panels of the bench, People's Daily said.

In 2007, 13,000 metric tons of Tetra Pak packaging was recycled in China, according to the Swiss company.

No bottles left behind

The Beijing Olympics, just two weeks away, is counting on Coca-Cola and a local company to "greenly" handle all of the plastic beverage bottles left in its sports venues.

Coca-Cola (China) said in a release that the company will join forces with Beijing Incom Resources Recovery Co. to recycle the PET bottles consumed during the 2008 Summer Olympic Games.

Incom claims to be the world's largest plastics recycling facility. It started operation last August and is capable of processing 60,000 metric tons of waste annually.

September 3, 2008

China's challenge to manage waste scavengers

Like in many other developing countries, waste scavengers play an essential part in China's recycling industry. In fact, they are called "Kings of waste" in China. However, we all know they don't look as glamorous as their nickname implies. In fact, in the plastics boomtown of Ningbo in China's Zhejiang province, scavengers may be asked to live only in designated areas.

The city is considering a bill aimed to better mange the recycling industry, Modern Jin News reported. One clause suggests local jurisdictions make migrant waste scavengers "live in the same areas when applicable."

The concern is that these migrant scrap collectors set up collection points without permission, which can harm the city's image, as well as causing traffic and community safety problems. And, the truth is, there are so many of them! Ningbo alone has 32,000 people involved in the recycling sector. Ningbo's neighboring city Yuyao is believed to be China's largest distribution center of plastic resin, both virgin and regrind.

I don't think the city government can just order people to live in certain areas. But local communities may voluntarily intervene by limiting real estate rentals. Some already are doing it.

As sketchy as the bill is, it reveals many thought-provoking issues: Which government agencies and departments should be responsible of regulating the recycling industry? What are the practical ways of controlling migrant waste collectors? How can municipalities prevent pollution from recycled materials?

No one has the answers yet. Some cities tried to encourage waste scavengers to pass tests and get certificates, but that did not work out.

Cixi, another city in the industrial province Zhejiang, has recently passed a plan to set up a recycling base with sufficient infrastructure, such as sewage treatment plants. The complex will be 41 acres.

A good start, I say, both the attention and the actions.

August 29, 2008

Recycling at the Olympics

The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics was a spectacle, but it also generated 107.9 metric tons of waste, the Beijing government said. Thanks to more than 3,000 workers and 300 vehicles involved in the collection and initial processing, more than 80 percent of the waste was recycled.

A total of 1,122 recyclable waste bins were placed in the Olympic Green in Beijing, in addition to 1,422 non-recyclable waste bins. Workers used electric cars to transfer waste from bins to the four "Waste Compressing Points" around the Green. The points were equipped with compressing containers that measure 17 cubic meters and each fit nearly 10,000 bottles.

The next stop was the Xiaowuji Waste Management Station, where China's only NIR automatic sorting line processed the waste. Baled bottles were then delivered to recycling plants.

Manual sorting was used to process waste collected from 11 stadiums located in the Haidian, Fengtai and Shijing Shan districts. It is reported that the audience of the U.S.-China men's basketball game left 26,614 plastic bottles and 223 aluminum cans.

Previous reports suggested that Coca-Cola and Beijing Incom Resources Recovery Co. were going to handle the recycling part of all PET bottles collected from Olympics stadiums.

[Sources: China Environment News, Fazhi Evening, Beijing Evening, Coca-Cola]

August 14, 2008

China's 1st NIR sorting line

If you're wondering how the Olympics have changed China in a positive way, well, here is an example. Beijing is now running the nation's first near-infrared photo-detecting line to sort trash collected from the Olympic venues. After the games, this line will be used to process residential waste in the municipality.

As the Beijing Youth Daily described, the line sorts plastic bottles, plastic bags, PVC pipes, steel and paper perfectly, and it automatically bales every category of material.

The investor, Beijing Public Sanitation Group, spent 13 million yuan on the fully automatic line with daily processing capacity of 150 metric tons. "That's about how much 80 workers can process," the company said.

But, bottom line, what does this mean? I started doing some math: assuming the line will run 24-7, and each worker costs the company 100 yuan per 8-hour working day, the line will save 8.7 million yuan on labor cost a year. Even taking into account energy and maintenance costs, the investment should be easily paid off in two years.

Yes, China's labor is still much cheaper than the developed world. But wages are going up, and plastic recycling plants of visions are already applying more technologies than ever to improve efficiency. But I'm curious. How much of a cost advantage will an automated Chinese recycling factory have over its American counterpart? In other words, how will the trend of automation in the Chinese recycling industry revise the global flow of plastic scrap and impact global resin pricing?

What do you think?

January 7, 2009

What is it with plastic bottles?

It was almost predictable that the trend of using recycled plastics in electronics like laptops was going to spread wider. Now, Motorola Inc. has unveiled the world's first mobile phone made of recycled plastic bottles -- the carbon neutral Moto W233 Renew.

I like the idea of using recycled plastics -- as our industry has been doing all along -- but I'm not sure why marketing executives are so obsessed with plastic bottles. I guess the concept of "recycled plastic bottles" sells better to consumers than other types of recycled plastics? In other words, recycled plastic bottles are "sexier" than recycled plastic bags, film, pipes, auto parts, etc.?

It reminds me of a public relations campaign during the Beijing Olympics, which touted "T-shirts made from plastic bottles." Come on. How long has recycled polyester been used in apparel already? What's so sensational about it?

Speaking of plastic bottles, another important piece of news is that Coca-Cola will start the world's largest bottle-to-bottle recycling plant in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, next Wednesday, the Spartanburg Herald Journal reported. It's a wonderful thing to produce food-grade PET from used bottles and make new bottles with the material. Absolutely the best use of discarded bottles. I very much look forward to the January 15 satellite media tour of the facility.

Finally, is it more eco-friendly to stick to your old cell phone or to replace it with the eco-friendly W233, which doesn't even offer much functional features that your old phone doesn't have?

December 18, 2008

Plastic bag and government priorities

Have you noticed that the global green wave of anti-plastic-shopping-bags rhetoric and legislation is waning?

For instance, Bulgaria is postponing plans to levy a tax on plastic shopping bags, based on fears that the tax would burden businesses too much during the global financial crisis [see full report from Reuters].

China, the first and only country with a nationwide ban on ultra-thin bags and a nationwide mandate for retailers to charge consumers for shopping bags, is also showing signs of more lax enforcement. The central government appears to be concentrating on other priorities -- like measures to sustain economic growth, such as the adjustment of tariffs on imports and tax rebates on exports.

Here in North America, progress is still being made -- New York state recently adopted a law that mandates recycling of plastic bags at large stores. But the recession and gloomy outlook is holding up some localities from embarking on the bag tax. For instance, Santa Clara county in California (source: press release) decided earlier this month to postpone its vote on a new tax of 25 cents for every shopping bag. The reasoning seems to be that raising tax during a severe economic downturn discourages businesses and the public.

At this moment, the U.K is still going ahead with its bag reduction efforts. Seven large supermarkets in the nation have pledged to the government that they will halve the use of plastic shopping bags by spring 2009, through such methods as charging customers for single-use plastic bags or giving them extra loyalty points for bringing their own. But bag taxes will be reconsidered if retailers fail to fulfill their ambitious pledge.

September 16, 2009

Toxic plastic scrap kills three recycle workers

A team of workers in China's Zhejiang province collapsed after handling two metric tons of plastic scrap on September 13. At least 21 have since been hospitalized and three of them have died.

According to the initial investigative conclusions just released by the local authorities, the victims were in contact with highly toxic chemical dinitrophenol, which was found on the two tons of plastic scrap. It is believed that a chemical factory in Dongyang city illegally sold used plastic packaging with dinitrophenol residue to a dealer, who then sold the scrap to a recycling shop.

Workers at the recycling shop were unaware of the hazard of the material and had no protection during the unloading.

Four people at the chemical factory have been detained.

This particular tragedy is only the tip of the iceberg. China's plastics recycling industry is poorly regulated, with scandals such as biohazard plastic waste being melted and reprocessed into consumer goods. Domestic channels, rather than imports, are oftentimes the source of hazardous scrap materials.

October 6, 2009

Tianjin builds appliances recycling center

As Chinese consumers take advantage of the government's trade-in subsidies to replace old home appliances, the need for proper, large-scale recycling is on the rise. In response, leading appliances maker TCL Corp. broke ground for a large-scale appliance recycling facility in Tianjin.

The facility, jointly owned by TCL Huizhou Environmental Protection Co., Tianjin Borg Metal Products Co. Ltd., and Tianjin Ziya Environmental Protection Industry Park Co. Ltd., will have the annual capacity to break down 100,000 tons of home appliances, once the first phase construction is completed.

Tianjin Borg has its own plastics recycling business unit.

January 4, 2010

Sichuan recycling plastic temporary homes

625,000 is the number of plastics makeshift housing units that were built in Sichuan province after the magnitude 8.0 earthquake in 2008. As reconstruction progresses, these plastic structures have fulfilled their duties and are being taken down.

It costs 260 yuan (US$38.1) to dissemble a 20-square-meter (215.3-square-foot) unit and another 400 yuan (US$58.6) to reassemble it elsewhere, plus transport expenses, local authorities were quoted as saying in a report by the Chengdu Business Newspaper. It's also costly to warehouse and manage the unneeded ones. Therefore, it makes good sense to recycle the plastic homes.

Philanthropist Chen Guangbiao, who runs a recycling business -- Huangpu Group - in Jiangsu province, recently announced in Mianyang city that he has invested 30 million yuan (US$4.4 million) and put in place 20 mobile recycling stations, which combined can process 5,000 plastic housing units every day. Chen said the recycling service is free of charge.